Fine Particle Coal, and Systems, Apparatuses, and Methods for Collecting and Using the Same

ABSTRACT

Methods, apparatuses, and systems to collect fine particle coal are provided herein. For example, these methods, apparatuses, and systems may be incorporated into a coal processing plant to collect a portion of the fine particle coal that is normally lost in the system. A fine particle coal also is provided. The fine particle coal may have a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller and a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 62/008,389, filed Jun. 5, 2014, which is incorporated by referenceherein.

BACKGROUND

Coal preparation and processing plants are used to clean and/or separaterun-of-mine (ROM) coal to obtain a clean coal product of a desired sizeand/or quality. For example, typical coal preparation plants may includea variety of crushing, breaking, sizing, beneficiation, storage, densityseparation, froth flotation, refuse, and/or impoundment units. However,in typical coal processing systems, quantities of fine particle coal arelost because current systems are unable to capture the fine particlecoal. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide systems,apparatuses, and methods to capture fine particle coal, and therebyimprove process efficiency and reduce the amount of process waste incoal processing plants. Moreover, it would be desirable to provide ahigh quality fine particle coal product that may be used in a variety ofapplications, for example in pulverized coal injection, as coking coal,i.e., metallurgical coal, or as steam coal.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

Methods of collecting fine particle coal are provided herein. Inembodiments, the methods comprise dewatering a clean coal effluentslurry having a solids content of 30% or less, by weight, to produce afine particle coal having a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller and awater content of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight.

Also provided herein are apparatuses and systems for collecting fineparticle coal. The apparatuses, in embodiments, comprise a solid bowlcentrifuge that retains a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller. Thesystems, in embodiments, comprise a dewatering apparatus that retains aparticle size of 1000 μm or smaller.

Also provided herein is a fine particle coal. In embodiments, the fineparticle coal has a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller and a watercontent of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight.

Also provided herein are methods of making coke and methods of makingiron or steel. The methods of making coke, in embodiments, compriseheating, in the absence of air, a fine particle coal, or a blendcomprising the fine particle coal and at least one other coal, for atime and temperature sufficient to convert the fine particle coal or theblend to coke, wherein the fine particle coal has a particle size of1000 μm or smaller and a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, byweight. The methods of making iron or steel, in embodiments, compriseinjecting a fine particle coal, or a blend comprising a fine particlecoal and at least one other coal, into a blast furnace containing cokeand iron ore, wherein the fine particle coal has a particle size of 1000μm or smaller and a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, byweight.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a partial plant diagram illustrating one embodiment of asystem and apparatus for collecting fine particle coal in a clean coalcircuit of a coal preparation plant.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a solid bowlcentrifuge for collecting fine particle coal from a clean coal effluentslurry.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Methods, apparatuses, and systems to collect fine particle coal areprovided herein. For example, these methods, apparatuses, and systemsmay be incorporated into a coal processing plant to collect a portion ofthe fine particle coal that is normally lost in the system (e.g., fineparticle coal that the system does not otherwise collect due to size andthat is either recycled continuously through the system or discarded ina waste stream). In a typical clean coal processing system, 3% or moreof the processed coal may be lost because the system is unable tocapture this fine particle coal.

Additionally, fine particle coal and methods for its use are providedherein. The fine particle coal may have properties such as size,composition, and/or water content that make it useful in pulverized coalinjection (PCI), as coking coal, i.e., metallurgical coal, or as steamcoal. For example, the fine particle coal may be a high quality fineparticle coal.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems are described herein, as well as fineparticle coal and methods for its use.

Methods, Apparatuses, and Systems for Collecting Fine Particle Coal

In one aspect, a method of collecting fine particle coal is provided.The method may include collecting fine particle coal from a coalpreparation or processing plant.

In embodiments, a method of collecting fine particle coal includesdewatering a clean coal effluent slurry having a solids content of 30%or less, by weight, to produce a fine particle coal having a particlesize of 1000 μm or smaller and a water content of from about 5% to about20%, by weight.

As used herein, the phrase “clean coal effluent slurry” refers to amixture of water and coal particles that is present in a system, and inwhich the ash and/or sulfur content of the coal particles has beenreduced from that of the run-of-mine coal from which the coal particleswere derived. It should be understood that while embodiments disclosedherein refer to methods, apparatuses, and systems for collecting fineparticle coal from a clean coal effluent slurry, the present disclosureis also intended to encompass other particle-containing slurries,including coal-containing slurries other than clean coal effluentslurries, as well as other processing slurries, such as mineral, ore, orother particle-containing slurries.

As used herein, the term “about” means plus or minus 10% of thenumerical value of the number with which it is being used. The amountsof certain components, such as solids or water, of the effluent slurryand fine particle coal are present herein as percentages “by weight,”and, unless otherwise noted, the phrase “by weight” refers to the totalweight of the effluent slurry or fine particle coal, including thecertain components.

The clean coal effluent slurry, in embodiments, has a solids content offrom about 3% to about 25%, by weight. In other embodiments, the cleancoal effluent slurry has a solids content of from about 10% to about20%, by weight. In one embodiment, the clean coal effluent slurry has asolids content of about 17%, by weight.

In certain embodiments, the fine particle coal contains at least 95%, byweight, of the solids contained in the clean coal effluent slurry. Inone embodiment, the fine particle coal contains at least 99%, by weight,of the solids contained in the clean coal effluent slurry.

In embodiments, the water content of the fine particle coal is fromabout 5% to about 15%, by weight. In particular embodiments, the watercontent of the fine particle coal is from about 5% to about 10%, byweight. In further embodiments, the water content of the fine particlecoal is from about 5% to about 7%, by weight. In other embodiments, thewater content of the fine particle coal is from about 6% to about 9%, byweight. In a particular embodiment, the water content of the fineparticle coal is about 8%, by weight. In another embodiment, the watercontent of the fine particle coal is about 7%, by weight. When the fineparticle coal is collected by the methods provided herein, the fineparticle coal may have an elevated temperature for a certain periodafter collection. As used herein, the phrase “water content” refers tothe amount of water in the fine particle coal after the temperature ofthe fine particle coal has returned to ambient temperature after thefine particle coal has been collected by the methods provided herein.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of 1000 μm orsmaller. As used herein, the phrase “a particle size of from about X μmto about Y μm” or “particle size of about Z μm” means that the averagelargest dimension of the fine particle coal particles ranges from aboutX μm to about Y μm, or is about Z μm. The average largest dimension maybe determined using any techniques known in the art, including, but notlimited to, light scattering techniques.

In other embodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of fromabout 30 μm to about 1000 μm. In further embodiments, the fine particlecoal has a particle size of from about 30 μm to about 900 μm. In someembodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of from about 30μm to about 800 μm. In particular embodiments, the fine particle coalhas a particle size of from about 30 μm to about 700 μm. In certainembodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of from about 30μm to about 600 μm. In still further embodiments, the fine particle coalhas a particle size of from about 30 μm to about 500 μm. In yet stillfurther embodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of fromabout 30 μm to about 400 μm. In several embodiments, the fine particlecoal has a particle size of from about 30 μm to about 300 μm. In anumber of embodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size offrom about 30 μm to about 200 μm. In embodiments, the fine particle coalhas a particle size of from about 30 μm to about 150 μm. In someembodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of from about 30μm to about 125 μm. In other embodiments, the fine particle coal has aparticle size of from about 30 μm to about 100 μm. In furtherembodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of from about 30μm to about 75 μm. In still further embodiments, the fine particle coalhas a particle size of from about 30 μm to about 50 μm. In yet anotherembodiment, the fine particle coal has a particle size of about 44 μm.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of 100 meshor smaller. As used herein, the phrase “a particle size of X mesh orsmaller” means that at least a substantial majority of the particles ofa particular sample of the fine particle coal pass through X mesh or amesh size greater than X. The fine particle coal, in embodiments, has aparticle size of 200 mesh or smaller. The fine particle coal, in someembodiments, has a particle size of 325 mesh or smaller. The fineparticle coal, in certain embodiments, has a particle size of 100 meshor smaller, wherein from about 40% to about 60%, by weight, of the fineparticle coal is retained by 325 mesh. The fine particle coal, in someembodiments, has a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller, wherein about50%, by weight, of the fine particle coal is retained by 325 mesh.

Generally, dewatering the clean coal effluent slurry or anotherparticle-containing slurry may be accomplished using known dewateringapparatuses, such as various types of centrifuges that can performsolid-liquid separation.

In embodiments, dewatering the clean coal effluent slurry includescentrifuging the slurry in a solid bowl centrifuge. As used herein, thephrase “solid bowl centrifuge” refers to a centrifuge having a solidouter bowl construction and that continuously separates two substanceswith different densities using the centrifugal force resulting fromrotation. As shown in FIG. 2, in one embodiment, a solid bowl centrifuge200 includes a solid outer rotating bowl 202 and an internal rotatingscroll 204. In certain embodiments, the centrifuge 200 includes a weirplate 212 that controls the pool depth in the centrifuge.

In certain embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, in operation, an input, orfeed, stream 206, such as a clean coal effluent slurry or otherparticle-containing slurry, is introduced to the centrifuge 200 anddelivered to the solid bowl 202 via one or more ports. Both the solidbowl 202 and the internal scroll, or screw, 204 rotate to separate thecomponents of the feed 206 based on their densities. The scroll 204 actsas a conveyor and rotates at a differential speed relative to the bowl202 to permit the continuous removal of solid particles 210 (e.g., fineparticle coal) from the wastewater 208.

Suitable solid bowl centrifuges may include those manufactured byCentrisys Centrifuge Systems (Kenosha, Wis.). For example, the solidbowl centrifuge may include any design, features, or combination offeatures disclosed herein and/or known to those of ordinary skill in theart, to achieve the desired separation.

In certain embodiments, methods further include adjusting, based onproperties of the clean coal effluent slurry, properties of the fineparticle coal, or both, at least one parameter selected from:centrifugal torque, differential rotational speed between the rotatingbowl and the internal scroll, and dam height of the weir plate. That is,one, two, or all three of these parameters may be adjusted based on theproperties of the feed and/or the desired output, such as the watercontent, solids content, and/or particle size.

For example, the differential speed may be selected based on theparticles being separated to avoid damage and to match the densityranges. For example, solid bowl centrifuges may be operated withcentrifugal forces in excess of 1000 times, such as 3000 times, theforce of gravity such that the denser solid particles are pressedoutwards against the rotating bowl wall and the less dense liquid phaseforms a concentric inner layer. For example, the speed and torque of thecentrifuge may be adjusted based upon the density and/or turbidity ofthe feed slurry.

For example, in a clean coal effluent slurry, the fine particle coal mayhave a specific gravity of 2.0 or less, such as from about 1.5 to about1.6, or about 1.55. Because the specific gravity of particles may varyrelatively significantly due to the impurities present in the particles,the centrifuge parameters may be adjusted accordingly. Moreover, itshould be understood that a wide variety of additional systemparameters, such as spin velocity, temperature, and flow rate, may alsobe adjusted.

Generally, these parameters may be adjusted manually or through the useof a computer control, the latter of which permits the automated andcontinual adjustment of each parameter. Computer control systems arediscussed in detail below.

In embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the step of dewatering occurs in theclean coal circuit of a coal processing plant. As used herein, thephrase “clean coal circuit” refers to the portion of a coal processingplant in which the ash and/or sulfur content of the coal particles isreduced from that of the run-of-mine coal from which the coal particleswere derived. Thus, in certain embodiments, a solid bowl centrifuge 106for dewatering a clean coal effluent slurry is provided downstream ofone or more clean coal technology units 102, within a coal processingplant 100.

In embodiments, the step of dewatering occurs downstream of processingthat does not collect fine particle coal having a particle size of 325mesh or smaller. For example, other separators such as centrifuges,cyclones, floatation cells, or screens, which are not capable ofcollecting fine particle coal having a particle size of 325 mesh orsmaller may be present upstream of the dewatering apparatus.

In certain embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, a solid bowl centrifuge 106is located downstream of a screen bowl centrifuge 104 that does notcollect fine particle coal having a particle size of 325 mesh orsmaller. That is, the solid bowl centrifuge is designed and located toeffectively capture fine particle coal that otherwise recirculates in arecycle stream or is discarded in a waste stream.

In embodiments, the step of dewatering occurs upstream of processingthat does collect fine particle coal having a particle size of 325 meshor smaller. Typically, such processing would include waste processing.For example, the processing that does collect fine particle coal havinga particle size of 325 mesh or smaller may include a thickener unit.

In operation, for example in the plant layout shown in FIG. 1, if thescreen drainage of the screen bowl centrifuge is not recycled, there isa significant loss of product and increased waste. However, if thescreen drainage is recycled, the slurry particle size distribution willreduce over the operating cycle, thereby reducing yield and increasingwear on the screen. The present methods, apparatuses, and systems remedythese issues by collecting the fine particle coal from the screendrainage, thereby improving yield of the overall plant and increasingthe lifespan of other plant equipment. Moreover, the fine particle coalproduced by these methods, apparatuses, and systems displays highquality coal properties and may be used in a variety of applications, asdescribed in detail below.

Methods of collecting fine particle coal is described herein. Inembodiments, the methods of collecting fine particle coal comprisesdewatering a clean coal effluent slurry having a solids content of 30%or less, by weight, to produce a fine particle coal having a particlesize of 1000 μm or smaller and a water content of from about 5% to about20%, by weight. In some embodiments, dewatering the clean coal effluentslurry comprises centrifuging the slurry in a solid bowl centrifuge. Thesolid bowl centrifuge may include a rotating bowl, an internal scroll,and a weir plate. The methods provided herein may include adjusting,based on properties of the clean coal effluent slurry, properties of thefine particle coal, or both, at least one parameter selected from thegroup consisting of centrifugal torque, differential rotational speedbetween the rotating bowl and the internal scroll, and dam height of theweir plate. The step of dewatering may occur in the clean coal circuitof a coal processing plant. The step of dewatering may occur downstreamof processing that does not collect fine particle coal having a particlesize of 325 mesh or smaller. The step of dewatering may occur upstreamof processing that does collect fine particle coal having a particlesize of 325 mesh or smaller. The processing that does collect fineparticle coal having a particle size of 325 mesh or smaller may comprisea thickener. The clean coal effluent slurry, in particular embodiments,has a solids content of from about 3% to about 25%, by weight; fromabout 10% to about 20%, by weight; or about 17%, by weight. The fineparticle coal, in embodiments, contains at least 95%, by weight, of thesolids contained in the clean coal effluent slurry. In furtherembodiments, the fine particle coal contains at least 99%, by weight, ofthe solids contained in the clean coal effluent slurry. The watercontent of the fine particle coal, in embodiments, is from about 5% toabout 15%, by weight; from about 5% to about 10%, by weight; from about5% to about 7%, by weight; from about 6% to about 9%, by weight; about8%, by weight; or about 7%, by weight. The particle size of the fineparticle coal may be 100 mesh or smaller. In embodiments, from about 40%to about 60%, by weight, of the fine particle coal is retained by 325mesh; or about 50%, by weight, of the fine particle coal is retained by325 mesh. The particle size of the fine particle coal may be 325 mesh orsmaller. The particle size of the fine particle coal may be from about30 μm to about 1000 μm; from about 30 μm to about 900 μm; from about 30μm to about 800 μm; from about 30 μm to about 700 μm; from about 30 μmto about 600 μm; from about 30 μm to about 500 μm; from about 30 μm toabout 400 μm; from about 30 μm to about 300 μm; or from about 30 μm toabout 200 μm; from about 30 μm to about 150 μm; from about 30 μm toabout 125 μm; from about 30 μm to about 100 μm; from about 30 μm toabout 75 μm; from about 30 μm to about 50 μm; or about 44 μm.

In another aspect, an apparatus for collecting fine particle coal isprovided. For example, the apparatus may include any of the featuresdisclosed herein, as well as any combination of features disclosedherein, and/or known to those of ordinary skill in the art, to achievethe desired separation.

In embodiments, an apparatus for collecting fine particle coal from aclean coal effluent slurry includes a solid bowl centrifuge that retainsa particle size of 1000 μm or smaller. For example, the solid bowlcentrifuge may be configured to retain any of the fine coal particlesizes disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the solid bowl centrifugeretains a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller. In one embodiment, thesolid bowl centrifuge retains a particle size of 325 mesh or smaller.

In embodiments, the apparatus includes a solid bowl centrifuge includinga rotating bowl, an internal scroll, and a weir plate, wherein at leastone parameter selected from the group including centrifugal torque,differential rotational speed between the rotating bowl and the internalscroll, and dam height of the weir plate, is adjustable based onproperties of the clean coal effluent slurry, properties of the fineparticle coal, or both. In one embodiment, each parameter of the groupincluding centrifugal torque, differential rotational speed between therotating bowl and the internal scroll, and dam height of the weir plate,is adjustable based on properties of the clean coal effluent slurry,properties of the fine particle coal, or both.

In embodiments, the apparatus includes a solid bowl centrifugeconfigured to dewater the clean coal effluent slurry having a solidscontent of 30% or less, by weight, to produce a fine particle coalhaving a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight.

Apparatuses are provided herein for collecting fine particle coal. Inembodiments, the apparatuses for collecting fine particle coal from aclean coal effluent slurry comprise a solid bowl centrifuge that retainsa particle size of 1000 μm or smaller. The solid bowl centrifuge mayretain a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller; or 325 mesh or smaller.The solid bowl centrifuge also may comprise a rotating bowl, an internalscroll, and a weir plate, and at least one parameter selected from thegroup consisting of centrifugal torque, differential rotational speedbetween the rotating bowl and the internal scroll, and dam height of theweir plate, may be adjustable based on properties of the clean coaleffluent slurry, properties of the fine particle coal, or both. Thesolid bowl centrifuge also may comprise a rotating bowl, an internalscroll, and a weir plate, and each parameter of the group consisting ofcentrifugal torque, differential rotational speed between the rotatingbowl and the internal scroll, and dam height of the weir plate, may beadjustable based on properties of the clean coal effluent slurry,properties of the fine particle coal, or both. The solid bowl centrifugemay be configured to dewater the clean coal effluent slurry having asolids content of 30% or less, by weight, to produce a fine particlecoal having a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight.

In another aspect, a system for collecting fine particle coal isprovided. For example, the system may include any of the featuresdisclosed herein, as well as any combination of features disclosedherein, and/or known to those of ordinary skill in the art, to achievethe desired separation.

In embodiments, a system for collecting fine particle coal includes adewatering apparatus that retains a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller.For example, the dewatering apparatus may be configured to retain any ofthe fine coal particle sizes disclosed herein. In one embodiment, thedewatering apparatus retains a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller. Inone embodiment, the dewatering apparatus retains a particle size of 325mesh or smaller. In certain embodiments, the dewatering apparatusincludes a solid bowl centrifuge.

In embodiments, the system includes a clean coal circuit of a coalprocessing plant, the dewatering apparatus being located in the cleancoal circuit. In certain embodiments, the dewatering apparatus islocated downstream of processing units that do not collect fine particlecoal having a particle size of 325 mesh or smaller. In one embodiment,the dewatering apparatus is located upstream of a processing unit thatdoes collect fine particle coal having a particle size of 325 mesh orsmaller. For example, the processing unit that does collect fineparticle coal having a particle size of 325 mesh or smaller may includea thickener.

In embodiments, a feed of the dewatering apparatus includes a clean coaleffluent slurry having a solids content of 30% or less, by weight. Incertain embodiments, a feed of the dewatering apparatus includes a cleancoal effluent slurry having a solids content of from about 3% to about25%, by weight. In further embodiments, a feed of the dewateringapparatus includes a clean coal effluent slurry having a solids contentof from about 10% to about 20%, by weight. In one embodiment, a feed ofthe dewatering apparatus includes a clean coal effluent slurry having asolids content of about 17%, by weight.

In embodiments, an output of the dewatering apparatus includes a fineparticle coal having a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, byweight. In certain embodiments, an output of the dewatering apparatusincludes a fine particle coal having a water content from about 5% toabout 15%, by weight. In further embodiments, an output of thedewatering apparatus includes a fine particle coal having a watercontent from about 5% to about 10%, by weight. In particularembodiments, an output of the dewatering apparatus includes a fineparticle coal having a water content from about 5% to about 7%, byweight. In other embodiments, an output of the dewatering apparatusincludes a fine particle coal having a water content from about 6% toabout 9%, by weight. In one embodiment, an output of the dewateringapparatus includes a fine particle coal having a water content of about8%, by weight. In another embodiment, an output of the dewateringapparatus includes a fine particle coal having a water content of about7%, by weight.

In certain embodiments, a feed of the dewatering apparatus includes aclean coal effluent slurry, an output of the dewatering apparatusincludes a fine particle coal, and the fine particle coal contains atleast 95%, by weight, of the solids contained in the clean coal effluentslurry. In other embodiments, a feed of the dewatering apparatusincludes a clean coal effluent slurry, an output of the dewateringapparatus includes a fine particle coal, and the fine particle coalcontains at least 99%, by weight, of the solids contained in the cleancoal effluent slurry.

In embodiments, an output of the dewatering apparatus includes a fineparticle coal, and from about 40% to about 60%, by weight, of the fineparticle coal is retained by 325 mesh. In certain embodiments, an outputof the dewatering apparatus includes a fine particle coal, and about50%, by weight, of the fine particle coal is retained by 325 mesh.

In embodiments, a feed of the dewatering apparatus includes a clean coaleffluent slurry, an output of the dewatering apparatus includes a fineparticle coal, the dewatering apparatus includes a solid bowl centrifugethat includes a rotating bowl, an internal scroll, and a weir plate, andat least one parameter selected from the group consisting of centrifugaltorque, differential rotational speed between the rotating bowl and theinternal scroll, and dam height of the weir plate, is adjustable basedon properties of the clean coal effluent slurry, properties of the fineparticle coal, or both.

In embodiments, the system includes at least one memory that storescomputer-executable instructions and at least one controller configuredto access the at least one memory, wherein the at least one controlleris configured to execute the computer-executable instructions toreceive, from an interface, properties of the clean coal effluentslurry, properties of the fine particle coal, or both, and direct, inresponse to receipt of the properties, adjustment of at least oneparameter selected from the group consisting of centrifugal torque,differential rotational speed between the rotating bowl and the internalscroll, and dam height of the weir plate. For example, the interface mayinclude a manual or computer-based interface via which the parametersmay be adjusted. In one embodiment, the interface includes at least onesuitable sensor configured to detect the relevant properties of theclean coal effluent slurry.

For example, the controller(s) may include any suitable processing unitcapable of accepting digital data as input, processing the input data inaccordance with stored computer-executable instructions, and generatingoutput data. The controller(s) may be configured to execute thecomputer-executable instructions to cause or facilitate the performanceof various operations, such as adjustments to the parameters. Thecontroller(s) may be further configured to utilize and direct varioushardware resources available in the apparatuses or systems disclosedherein, to perform adjustments of the various parameters, facilitatestorage of data, and so forth. The controller(s) may include any type ofsuitable processing unit including, but not limited to, a centralprocessing unit, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a ReducedInstruction Set Computer (RISC) microprocessor, a Complex InstructionSet Computer (CISC) microprocessor, an Application Specific IntegratedCircuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), aSystem-on-a-Chip (SoC), and so forth.

The memory may store computer-executable instructions that are loadableand executable by the controller(s) as well as data manipulated and/orgenerated by the controller(s) during the execution of thecomputer-executable instructions. The memory may include volatile memory(memory that maintains its state when supplied with power) such asrandom access memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory (memory thatmaintains its state even when not supplied with power) such as read-onlymemory (ROM), flash memory, and so forth. In certain embodiments, thememory includes multiple different types of memory, such as varioustypes of static random access memory (SRAM), various types of dynamicrandom access memory (DRAM), various types of unalterable ROM, and/orwriteable variants of ROM such as electrically erasable programmableread-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, and so forth. In certainembodiments, the memory includes at least one data store.

The systems or apparatuses may further include additional data store(s),such as removable storage and/or non-removable storage including, butnot limited to, magnetic storage, optical disk storage, and/or tapestorage. Data store(s) may provide storage of computer-executableinstructions and other data. The data store(s) may include storage thatis internal and/or external to the system or apparatus. The memoryand/or the data store(s), removable and/or non-removable, are examplesof computer-readable storage media (CRSM).

The memory may store data, computer-executable instructions,applications, and/or various program modules including, for example, oneor more operating systems, one or more database management systems(DBMS), and one or more program modules such as data determinationmodule, interface signal module, and sensor module.

The operating system (O/S) may provide an interface between otherapplications and/or program modules executable by the system orapparatus and hardware resources of the system or apparatus. Morespecifically, the O/S may include a set of computer-executableinstructions for managing hardware resources of the system or apparatusand for providing common services to other applications and/or programmodules (e.g., managing memory allocation among various applicationsand/or program modules). The O/S may include any operating system nowknown or which may be developed in the future including, but not limitedto, any desktop or laptop operating system, any server operating system,any mobile operating system, any mainframe operating system, or anyother proprietary or non-proprietary operating system.

The DBMS may support functionality for accessing, retrieving, storing,and/or manipulating data stored in one or more data stores providedexternally to the dispensing system and/or one or more internal datastores provided, for example, as part of the data store(s). The DBMS mayuse any of a variety of database models (e.g., relational model, objectmodel, etc.) and may support any of a variety of query languages. Forexample, the DBMS may allow for external accessing and retrieving of thedata.

The system or apparatus may further include one or more input/output(I/O) interfaces that may facilitate receipt, by the system orapparatus, of information input via one or more I/O devices configuredto communicate with the system or apparatus as well as the outputting ofinformation from the system or apparatus to the one or more I/O devices.The I/O devices may include, but are not limited to, a user interfacesuch as buttons or a hand wave sensor, a display, a keypad, a keyboard,a pointing device, a control panel, a touch screen display, a remotecontrol device, a speaker, a microphone, a printing device, otherperipheral devices, and so forth. The system may further include one ormore network interfaces that may facilitate communication between thesystem or apparatus and other components.

It should be understood that any of the components of the systems orapparatuses described herein may include alternate and/or additionalhardware, software, or firmware components beyond those describedwithout departing from the scope of the disclosure. More particularly,it should be appreciated that software, firmware, or hardware componentsdescribed as forming part of any of the components of the system orapparatus are merely illustrative and that some components may not bepresent or additional components may be provided in various embodiments.

While various program modules have been described with respect tovarious illustrative components of the systems and apparatuses, itshould be appreciated that functionality described as being supported bythe program modules may be enabled by any combination of hardware,software, and/or firmware. It should further be appreciated that each ofthe above-mentioned modules may, in various embodiments, represent alogical partitioning of supported functionality. This logicalpartitioning is described for ease of explanation of the functionalityand may not be representative of the structure of software, firmwareand/or hardware for implementing the functionality. Accordingly, itshould be appreciated that functionality described as being provided bya particular module may, in various embodiments, be provided at least inpart by one or more other modules. Further, one or more modules may notbe present in certain embodiments, while in other embodiments,additional modules not described may be present and may support at leasta portion of the described functionality and/or additionalfunctionality. Moreover, while certain modules may be described assub-modules of another module, in certain embodiments, such modules maybe provided as independent modules.

Systems for collecting fine particle coal are described herein. Inembodiments, the system for collecting fine particle coal may comprise adewatering apparatus that retains a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller.The dewatering apparatus may retain a particle size of 100 mesh orsmaller; or 325 mesh or smaller. The dewatering apparatus may comprise asolid bowl centrifuge. The system may comprise a clean coal circuit of acoal processing plant, the dewatering apparatus being located in theclean coal circuit. The dewatering apparatus may be located downstreamof processing units that do not collect fine particle coal having aparticle size of 325 mesh or smaller. The dewatering apparatus may belocated upstream of a processing unit that does collect fine particlecoal having a particle size of 325 mesh or smaller. The processing unitthat does collect fine particle coal having a particle size of 325 meshor smaller may comprise a thickener. A feed of the dewatering apparatusmay comprise a clean coal effluent slurry having a solids content of 30%or less, by weight. A feed of the dewatering apparatus may comprise aclean coal effluent slurry having a solids content of from about 3% toabout 25%, by weight. A feed of the dewatering apparatus may comprise aclean coal effluent slurry having a solids content of from about 10% toabout 20%, by weight; or about 17%, by weight. An output of thedewatering apparatus may comprise a fine particle coal having a watercontent of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight; from about 5% to about15%, by weight; from about 5% to about 10%, by weight; from about 5% toabout 7%, by weight; from about 6% to about 9%, by weight; about 8%, byweight; or about 7%, by weight. Within the systems described herein, afeed of the dewatering apparatus may comprise a clean coal effluentslurry, an output of the dewatering apparatus may comprise a fineparticle coal, and/or the fine particle coal may contain at least 95%,by weight, or at least 99%, by weight, of the solids contained in theclean coal effluent slurry. Within the systems described herein, anoutput of the dewatering apparatus may comprise a fine particle coal,and/or from about 40% to about 60%, by weight, or about 50%, by weight,of the fine particle coal is retained by 325 mesh. Also, within thesystems described herein, a feed of the dewatering apparatus maycomprise a clean coal effluent slurry, an output of the dewateringapparatus may comprise a fine particle coal, the dewatering apparatusmay comprise a solid bowl centrifuge that comprises a rotating bowl, aninternal scroll, and a weir plate, and/or at least one parameterselected from the group consisting of centrifugal torque, differentialrotational speed between the rotating bowl and the internal scroll, anddam height of the weir plate, may be adjustable based on properties ofthe clean coal effluent slurry, properties of the fine particle coal, orboth. The systems described herein also may comprise at least one memorythat stores computer-executable instructions; and at least onecontroller configured to access the at least one memory, wherein the atleast one controller may be configured to execute thecomputer-executable instructions to (1) receive, from an interface,properties of the clean coal effluent slurry, properties of the fineparticle coal, or both, and (2) direct, in response to receipt of theproperties, adjustment of at least one parameter selected from the groupconsisting of centrifugal torque, differential rotational speed betweenthe rotating bowl and the internal scroll, and dam height of the weirplate. The interface may comprise a manual user interface. The interfacemay comprise at least one sensor configured to detect the properties ofthe clean coal effluent slurry.

Fine Particle Coal and Methods for its Use

In one aspect, a fine particle coal is provided. The fine particle coalmay be produced by the methods, apparatuses, and systems describedherein. The fine particle coal may be used for pulverized coal injection(PCI), as coking coal, i.e., metallurgical coal, or as steam coal.

The fine particle coal, in embodiments, has a water content of fromabout 5% to about 20%, by weight. The fine particle coal, in someembodiments, has a water content of from about 5% to about 15%, byweight. The fine particle coal, in other embodiments, has a watercontent of from about 5% to about 10%, by weight. The fine particlecoal, in particular embodiments, has a water content of from about 5% toabout 7%, by weight. The fine particle coal, in certain embodiments, hasa water content of from about 6% to about 9%, by weight. The fineparticle coal, in further embodiments, has a water content of about 8%,by weight. The fine particle coal, in still further embodiments, has awater content of about 7%, by weight. When the fine particle coal iscollected by the methods provided herein, the fine particle coal mayhave an elevated temperature for a certain period after collection.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of 1000 μm orsmaller. The average largest dimension may be determined using anytechniques known in the art, including, but not limited to, lightscattering techniques. In other embodiments, the fine particle coal hasa particle size of from about 30 μm to about 1000 μm. In furtherembodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of from about 30μm to about 900 μm. In some embodiments, the fine particle coal has aparticle size of from about 30 μm to about 800 μm. In particularembodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of from about 30μm to about 700 μm. In certain embodiments, the fine particle coal has aparticle size of from about 30 μm to about 600 μm. In still furtherembodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of from about 30μm to about 500 μm. In yet still further embodiments, the fine particlecoal has a particle size of from about 30 μm to about 400 μm. In severalembodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of from about 30μm to about 300 μm. In a number of embodiments, the fine particle coalhas a particle size of from about 30 μm to about 200 μm.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of from about30 μm to about 150 μm. In some embodiments, the fine particle coal has aparticle size of from about 30 μm to about 125 μm. In other embodiments,the fine particle coal has a particle size of from about 30 μm to about100 μm. In further embodiments, the fine particle coal has a particlesize of from about 30 μm to about 75 μm. In still further embodiments,the fine particle coal has a particle size of from about 30 μm to about50 μm. In yet another embodiment, the fine particle coal has a particlesize of about 44 μm.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of 100 meshor smaller. The fine particle coal, in embodiments, has a particle sizeof 200 mesh or smaller. The fine particle coal, in some embodiments, hasa particle size of 325 mesh or smaller. The fine particle coal, incertain embodiments, has a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller, whereinfrom about 40% to about 60%, by weight, of the fine particle coal isretained by 325 mesh. The fine particle coal, in some embodiments, has aparticle size of 100 mesh or smaller, wherein about 50%, by weight, ofthe fine particle coal is retained by 325 mesh.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of from about5% to about 20%, by weight, and a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller.In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of from about5% to about 20%, by weight, and a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller.In some embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of fromabout 5% to about 20%, by weight, and a particle size of 325 mesh orsmaller. In further embodiments, the fine particle coal has a watercontent of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight, and a particle size of100 mesh or smaller, wherein from about 40% to about 60%, by weight, ofthe fine particle coal is retained by 325 mesh.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of from about5% to about 20%, by weight, and a particle size of from about 30 μm toabout 150 μm. In some embodiments, the fine particle coal has a watercontent of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight, and a particle size offrom about 30 μm to about 50 μm. In further embodiments, the fineparticle coal has a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, byweight, and a particle size of about 44 μm.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of from about5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller.In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of from about5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller.In some embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of fromabout 5% to about 10%, by weight, and a particle size of 100 mesh orsmaller. In further embodiments, the fine particle coal has a watercontent of about 8%, by weight, and a particle size of 100 mesh orsmaller.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of from about5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particle size of from about 30 μm toabout 150 μm. In some embodiments, the fine particle coal has a watercontent of from about 5% to about 10%, by weight, and a particle size offrom about 30 μm to about 150 μm. In further embodiments, the fineparticle coal has a water content of about 8%, by weight, and a particlesize of from about 30 μm to about 150 μm.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of from about5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particle size of 325 mesh or smaller.In some embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of fromabout 5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particle size of 100 mesh orsmaller, wherein from about 40% to about 60%, by weight, of the fineparticle coal is retained by 325 mesh.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of from about5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particle size of from about 30 μm toabout 50 μm. In some embodiments, the fine particle coal has a watercontent of from about 5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particle size ofabout 44 μm.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of from about5% to about 10%, by weight, and a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller.In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of from about5% to about 10%, by weight, and a particle size of 325 mesh or smaller.In some embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of fromabout 5% to about 10%, by weight, and a particle size of 100 mesh orsmaller, wherein from about 40% to about 60%, by weight, of the fineparticle coal is retained by 325 mesh.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of from about5% to about 10%, by weight, and a particle size of from about 30 μm toabout 150 μm. In some embodiments, the fine particle coal has a watercontent of from about 5% to about 10%, by weight, and a particle size ofabout 44 μm.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of about 8%,by weight, and a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller. In embodiments,the fine particle coal has a water content of about 8%, by weight, and aparticle size of 325 mesh or smaller. In some embodiments, the fineparticle coal has a water content of about 8%, by weight, and a particlesize of 100 mesh or smaller, wherein from about 40% to about 60%, byweight, of the fine particle coal is retained by 325 mesh.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of about 8%,by weight, and a particle size of from about 30 μm to about 50 μm. Insome embodiments, the fine particle coal has a water content of about8%, by weight, and a particle size of about 44 μm.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a relatively high BTU(British thermal unit/lb.). As used herein, the phrase “relatively highBTU” means a BTU of from about 12,000 to about 16,000 when the fineparticle coal has a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, byweight. The fine particle coal having a relatively high BTU may besuitable for use as coking coal, i.e., metallurgical coal, PCI, steamcoal, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the fineparticle coal has a BTU of from about 12,400 to about 14,000 and a watercontent of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight. In one embodiment, thefine particle coal has a BTU of about 12,500 and a water content of fromabout 5% to about 20%, by weight. In some embodiments, the fine particlecoal has a BTU of from about 12,800 to about 16,000 and a water contentof from about 5% to about 20%, by weight. In an embodiment, the fineparticle coal has a BTU of about 13,500 and a water content of fromabout 5% to about 20%, by weight. In particular embodiments, the fineparticle coal has a BTU of from about 13,500 to about 16,000 and a watercontent of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight. In another embodiment,the fine particle coal has a BTU of about 14,000 and a water content offrom about 5% to about 20%, by weight. In further embodiments, the fineparticle coal has a BTU of from about 14,000 to about 16,000 and a watercontent of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight. In still furtherembodiments, the fine particle coal has a BTU of from about 15,000 toabout 16,000 and a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, byweight. In additional embodiments, the fine particle coal has a BTU ofabout 15,500 and a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, byweight.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a BTU of from about 12,000 toabout 16,000, a water content of from about 5% to about 15%, by weight,and a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller. In embodiments, the fineparticle coal has a BTU of from about 12,000 to about 16,000, a watercontent of from about 5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particle size of100 mesh or smaller. In further embodiments, the fine particle coal hasa BTU of from about 14,000 to about 16,000, a water content of fromabout 5% to about 10%, by weight, and a particle size of 100 mesh orsmaller, wherein from about 40% to about 60%, by weight, of the fineparticle coal is retained by 325 mesh.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a BTU of from about 12,000 toabout 16,000, a water content of from about 5% to about 15%, by weight,and a particle size of from about 30 μm to about 150 μm. In furtherembodiments, the fine particle coal has a BTU of from about 14,000 toabout 16,000, a water content of from about 5% to about 10%, by weight,and a particle size of from about 30 μm to about 50 μm.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a BTU that is suitable foruse as steam coal. As used herein, the phrase “a BTU that is suitablefor use as steam coal” means a BTU of from about 6,000 to about 13,500when the fine particle coal has a water content of from about 5% toabout 20%, by weight. In some embodiments, the fine particle coal has aBTU of from about 7,000 to about 13,500 and a water content of fromabout 5% to about 20%, by weight. In further embodiments, the fineparticle coal has a BTU of from about 9,000 to about 13,500 and a watercontent of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight.

In particular embodiments, the fine particle coal has an ash content offrom about 3% to about 28%, by weight. In embodiments, the fine particlecoal has an ash content of from about 3% to about 15%, by weight. Insome embodiments, the fine particle coal has an ash content of fromabout 3% to about 10%, by weight. In further embodiments, the fineparticle coal has an ash content of from about 5% to about 10%, byweight. In still further embodiments, the fine particle coal has an ashcontent of from about 6% to about 8%, by weight. In one embodiment, thefine particle coal has an ash content of less than 6%, by weight.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has an ash content of from about3% to about 15%, by weight, a BTU of from about 12,000 to about 16,000,a water content of from about 5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particlesize of 1000 μm or smaller. In embodiments, the fine particle coal hasan ash content of from about 3% to about 15%, by weight, a BTU of fromabout 12,000 to about 16,000, a water content of from about 5% to about15%, by weight, and a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller. In furtherembodiments, the fine particle coal has an ash content of from about 5%to about 10%, by weight, a BTU of from about 14,000 to about 16,000, awater content of from about 5% to about 10%, by weight, and a particlesize of 100 mesh or smaller, wherein about 50%, by weight, of the fineparticle coal is retained by 325 mesh.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has an ash content of from about3% to about 15%, by weight, a BTU of from about 12,000 to about 16,000,a water content of from about 5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particlesize of from about 30 μm to about 150 μm. In further embodiments, thefine particle coal has an ash content of from about 5% to about 10%, byweight, a BTU of from about 14,000 to about 16,000, a water content offrom about 5% to about 10%, by weight, and a particle size of from about30 μm to about 50 μm.

The fine particle coal, in embodiments, has a total sulfur content offrom about 0.3% to about 4.5%, by weight. As used herein, the phrase“total sulfur” refers to all sulfur that may be present in the fineparticle coal, including sulfate sulfur, organic sulfur, and inorganicsulfur. In certain embodiments, the fine particle coal has a totalsulfur content of from about 0.3% to about 2%. In particularembodiments, the fine particle coal has a total sulfur content of fromabout 0.6% to about 1.3%, by weight. In some embodiments, the fineparticle coal has a total sulfur content of from about 0.8% to about1.3%, by weight. In further embodiments, the fine particle coal has atotal sulfur content of about 1.0%, by weight. In other embodiments, thefine particle coal has an organic sulfur content of from about 0.8% toabout 0.9%, by weight.

The fine particle coal, in some embodiments, may be suitable for use ascoking coal, i.e., metallurgical coal, and has a total sulfur content ofless than 0.8%, by weight. The fine particle coal, in other embodiments,may be suitable for use as steam coal, and has a total sulfur content offrom about 0.3% to about 4.5%, by weight.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a total sulfur content offrom about 0.3% to about 4.5%, by weight, an ash content of from about3% to about 28%, by weight, a BTU of from about 12,000 to about 16,000,a water content of from about 5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particlesize of 1000 μm or smaller. In embodiments, the fine particle coal has atotal sulfur content of from about 0.3% to about 4.5%, by weight, an ashcontent of from about 3% to about 28%, by weight, a BTU of from about12,000 to about 16,000, a water content of from about 5% to about 15%,by weight, and a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller. In someembodiments, the fine particle coal has a total sulfur content of fromabout 0.3% to about 2%, by weight, an ash content of from about 3% toabout 15%, by weight, a BTU of from about 12,000 to about 16,000, awater content of from about 5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particlesize of 100 mesh or smaller. In further embodiments, the fine particlecoal has a total sulfur content of from about 0.8% to about 1.3%, byweight, an ash content of from about 7% to about 10%, by weight, a BTUof from about 14,000 to about 16,000, a water content of from about 5%to about 10%, by weight, and a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller,wherein from about 40% to about 60%, by weight, of the fine particlecoal is retained by 325 mesh.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a total sulfur content offrom about 0.3% to about 4.5%, by weight, an ash content of from about3% to about 15%, by weight, a BTU of from about 12,000 to about 16,000,a water content of from about 5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particlesize of from about 30 μm to about 150 μm. In some embodiments, the fineparticle coal has a total sulfur content of from about 0.3% to about 2%,by weight, an ash content of from about 3% to about 15%, by weight, aBTU of from about 12,000 to about 16,000, a water content of from about5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particle size of from about 30 μm toabout 150 μm. In further embodiments, the fine particle coal has a totalsulfur content of from about 0.8% to about 1.3%, by weight, an ashcontent of from about 7% to about 10%, by weight, a BTU of from about14,000 to about 16,000, a water content of from about 5% to about 10%,by weight, and a particle size of from about 30 μm to about 50 μm.

The fine particle coal, in embodiments, has a volatile matter content offrom about 7% to about 37%, by weight. The fine particle coal, incertain embodiments, has a volatile matter content of from about 7% toabout 25%, by weight. The fine particle coal, in some embodiments, has avolatile matter content of from about 10% to about 25%, by weight. Thefine particle coal, in further embodiments, has a volatile mattercontent of from about 10% to about 20%, by weight. The fine particlecoal, in some embodiments, has a volatile matter content of from about15% to about 20%, by weight. The fine particle, in additionalembodiments, has a volatile matter content of about 17%, by weight. Thefine particle coal, in still further embodiments, is suitable for use ascoking coal, i.e., metallurgical coal, and has a volatile matter contentof from 15% to about 37%, by weight.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a volatile matter content offrom about 7% to about 37%, by weight, a total sulfur content of fromabout 0.3% to about 4.5%, by weight, an ash content of from about 3% toabout 28%, by weight, a BTU of from about 12,000 to about 16,000, awater content of from about 5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particlesize of 1000 μm or smaller. In embodiments, the fine particle coal has avolatile matter content of from about 7% to about 37%, by weight, atotal sulfur content of from about 0.3% to about 4.5%, by weight, an ashcontent of from about 3% to about 28%, by weight, a BTU of from about12,000 to about 16,000, a water content of from about 5% to about 15%,by weight, and a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller. In someembodiments, the fine particle coal has a volatile matter content offrom about 10% to about 25%, by weight, a total sulfur content of fromabout 0.3% to about 2%, by weight, an ash content of from about 3% toabout 15%, by weight, a BTU of from about 12,000 to about 16,000, awater content of from about 5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particlesize of 100 mesh or smaller. In further embodiments, the fine particlecoal has a volatile matter content of from about 15% to about 20%, byweight, a total sulfur content of from about 0.8% to about 1.3%, byweight, an ash content of from about 7% to about 10%, by weight, a BTUof from about 14,000 to about 16,000, a water content of from about 5%to about 10%, by weight, and a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller,wherein from about 40% to about 60%, by weight, of the fine particlecoal is retained by 325 mesh.

The fine particle coal, in particular embodiments, has a volatile mattercontent of from about 7% to about 53%, by weight. The fine particlecoal, in certain embodiments, has a volatile matter content of fromabout 7% to about 45%, by weight. In embodiments, the fine particle coalhas a volatile matter content of from about 7% to about 37%, by weight,a total sulfur content of from about 0.3% to about 4.5%, by weight, anash content of from about 3% to about 28%, by weight, a BTU of fromabout 12,000 to about 16,000, a water content of from about 5% to about15%, by weight, and a particle size of from about 30 μm to about 150 μm.In some embodiments, the fine particle coal has a volatile mattercontent of from about 10% to about 25%, by weight, a total sulfurcontent of from about 0.3% to about 2%, by weight, an ash content offrom about 3% to about 15%, by weight, a BTU of from about 12,000 toabout 16,000, a water content of from about 5% to about 15%, by weight,and a particle size of from about 30 μm to about 150 μm. In furtherembodiments, the fine particle coal has a volatile matter content offrom about 15% to about 20%, by weight, a total sulfur content of fromabout 0.8% to about 1.3%, by weight, an ash content of from about 7% toabout 10%, by weight, a BTU of from about 14,000 to about 16,000, awater content of from about 5% to about 10%, by weight, and a particlesize of from about 30 μm to about 50 μm.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has a carbon content of fromabout 80% to about 95%, by weight. In further embodiments, the fineparticle coal has a carbon content of from about 80% to about 92%. Inparticular embodiments, the fine particle coal has a carbon content offrom about 80% to about 85%, by weight. In other embodiments, the fineparticle coal has a carbon content of about 80%, by weight. Theelemental analysis of carbon and other elements may be performed usingknown methods, including ASTM D-5373-02.

In some embodiments, the fine particle coal has a carbon content of fromabout 40% to about 95%, by weight. In certain embodiments, the fineparticle coal has a carbon content of from about 65% to about 95%, byweight. In a number of embodiments, the fine particle coal has a carboncontent of from about 75% to about 95%, by weight. In embodiments, thefine particle coal has a carbon content of from about 80% to about 95%,by weight, a volatile matter content of from about 7% to about 37%, byweight, a total sulfur content of from about 0.3% to about 4.5%, byweight, an ash content of from about 3% to about 15%, by weight, a BTUof from about 12,000 to about 16,000, a water content of from about 5%to about 15%, by weight, and a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller. Infurther embodiments, the fine particle coal has a carbon content of fromabout 80% to about 85%, by weight, a volatile matter content of fromabout 15% to about 20%, by weight, a total sulfur content of from about0.8% to about 1.3%, by weight, an ash content of from about 7% to about10%, by weight, a BTU of from about 14,000 to about 16,000, a watercontent of from about 5% to about 10%, by weight, and a particle size of100 mesh or smaller, wherein from about 40% to about 60%, by weight, ofthe fine particle coal is retained by 325 mesh.

Generally, the fine particle coal may have an oxygen content of 20% orless, by weight. The fine particle coal, in certain embodiments, has anoxygen content of from about 0.5% to about 18%, by weight. The fineparticle coal, in other embodiments, has an oxygen content of from about0.5% to about 12%, by weight. The fine particle coal, in someembodiments, has an oxygen content of from about 0.5% to about 8%, byweight. The fine particle coal, in a number of embodiments, has anoxygen content of from about 0.5% to about 5%, by weight. The fineparticle coal, in particular embodiments, has an oxygen content of fromabout 0.5% to about 2%, by weight. The fine particle coal, inembodiments, has an oxygen content of from about 0.5% to about 1.5%, byweight. The fine particle coal, in further embodiments, has an oxygencontent of from about 1.0% to about 1.5%, by weight. Not wishing to bebound by any particular theory, it is believed that an oxygen content ofabout 2% or less, by weight, is beneficial because oxygenation at thesurface of the fine particle coal may interfere with the production ofCO, which is important in certain industrial processes, including themethods of making steel provided herein.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal has an oxygen content of fromabout 0.5% to about 1.5%, by weight, a volatile matter content of fromabout 7% to about 37%, by weight, a total sulfur content of from about0.3% to about 4.5%, by weight, an ash content of from about 3% to about15%, by weight, a BTU of from about 12,000 to about 16,000, a watercontent of from about 5% to about 15%, by weight, and a particle size of1000 μm or smaller. In embodiments, the fine particle coal has an oxygencontent of from about 0.5% to about 1.5%, by weight, a volatile mattercontent of from about 7% to about 37%, by weight, a total sulfur contentof from about 0.3% to about 4.5%, by weight, an ash content of fromabout 3% to about 15%, by weight, a BTU of from about 12,000 to about16,000, a water content of from about 5% to about 15%, by weight, and aparticle size of 100 mesh or smaller. In further embodiments, the fineparticle coal has an oxygen content of from about 1.0% to about 1.5%, byweight, a volatile matter content of from about 15% to about 20%, byweight, a total sulfur content of from about 0.8% to about 1.3%, byweight, an ash content of from about 7% to about 10%, by weight, a BTUof from about 14,000 to about 16,000, a water content of from about 5%to about 10%, by weight, and a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller,wherein from about 40% to about 60%, by weight, of the fine particlecoal is retained by 325 mesh.

Blends

In another aspect, blends are provided comprising the fine particle coaland at least one other coal. The fine particle coal and at least oneother coal may be blended by any methods know in the art. For example,the blend may be made by depositing alternating loads of the fineparticle coal and at least one other coal in a vessel. The blends may beused for PCI, as metallurgical coal, i.e., coking coal, or steam coal.The blend, in some embodiments, is homogeneous. The blend, in otherembodiments, is not homogeneous. The at least one other coal and theamounts of each component of the blends may be selected to provide theblend with one or more desired characteristics, financially optimizecoal purchases, neutralize one or more disadvantages of at least one ofthe coal components, or a combination thereof. The desiredcharacteristics may depend on the intended use of the blends.

For example, the at least one other coal may be selected to provide theblend with a desired amount or percentage of water, ash, sulfur,volatile matter, carbon, oxygen, or a combination thereof. As a furtherexample, at least one other coal having a volatile matter content ofabout 30%, by weight, may be mixed with a certain amount of a fineparticle coal having a volatile matter content of about 17%, by weight,to produce a blend having a volatile matter content of less than 30%, byweight. The at least one other coal may be selected to form a blend thatis suitable for PCI or for use as steam coal or coking coal, i.e.,metallurgical coal. A blend that is suitable for PCI may be a blend thatavoids excessive char.

The fine particle coals or blends provided herein may be associated withdregs for storage and transport. As used herein, the term “dregs” refersto any spent grain, sediment, or a combination thereof obtained, forexample, from beverage production. As used herein, the phrase“associated with dregs” refers to mixing with dregs, covering withdregs, or a combination thereof, at least a portion of a fine particlecoal or blend comprising the fine particle coal and at least one othercoal.

Agglomerates

In another aspect, the fine particle coal, or blends comprising the fineparticle coal and at least one other coal, may be used to form anagglomerate or part of an agglomerate. The agglomerates, in someembodiments, include the fine particle coal and at least one ore. Theagglomerates, in other embodiments, include at least one ore and a blendcomprising a fine particle coal and at least one other coal. The ore ofthe agglomerates may be any metal ore, such as iron ore. Theagglomerates may be formed using any techniques known in the art. Theagglomerates may be added to a blast furnace, for example, during theproduction of iron or steel.

Provided herein is a fine particle coal. In embodiments, the fineparticle coal has a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller and a watercontent of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight. In some embodiments,the water content is from about 5% to about 15%, by weight; from about5% to about 10%, by weight; from about 5% to about 7%, by weight; fromabout 6% to about 9%, by weight; about 8%, by weight; or about 7%, byweight. The fine particle coal may have a particle size of 100 mesh orsmaller. The fine particle coal may have a particle size wherein fromabout 40% to about 60%, by weight, or about 50%, by weight, of the fineparticle coal is retained by 325 mesh. The fine particle coal may have aparticle size of 325 mesh or smaller. The fine particle coal may have aBTU of from about 12,000 to about 16,000; from about 12,400 to about14,000; from about 12,800 to about 16,000; from about 13,500 to about16,000; from about 14,000 to about 16,000; from about 15,000 to about16,000; about 12,500; about 13,500; about 14,000; or about 15,500. Thefine particle coal may have a total sulfur content of from about 0.3 toabout 4.5%, by weight; from about 0.3 to about 2%, by weight; from about0.6% to about 1.3%, by weight; from about 0.8% to about 1.3%, by weight;from about 0.8% to about 0.9%, by weight; about 1.0%, by weight; or lessthan about 0.8%, by weight. The fine particle coal may have an ashcontent of from about 3% to about 28%, by weight; from about 3% to about15%, by weight; from about 3% to about 10%, by weight; from about 5% toabout 10%, by weight; from about 6% to about 8%, by weight; or less than6%, by weight. The fine particle coal may have a volatile matter contentof from about 7% to about 37%, by weight; from about 15% to about 37%,by weight; from about 7% to about 25%, by weight; from about 10% toabout 25%, by weight; from about 10% to about 20%, by weight; from about15% to about 20%, by weight; or about 17%, by weight. The fine particlecoal may have a volatile matter content of from about 7% to about 53%,by weight; or from about 7% to about 45%, by weight. The fine particlecoal may have a carbon content of from about 40% to about 95%, byweight; from about 65% to about 95%, by weight; from about 75% to about95%, by weight; from about 80% to about 95%, by weight; from about 80%to about 92%, by weight; or from about 80% to about 85%, by weight. Thefine particle coal may have an oxygen content of 2% of less, by weight.The fine particle coal may have an oxygen content of from about 0.5% toabout 18%, by weight; from about 0.5% to about 12%, by weight; fromabout 0.5% to about 8%, by weight; from about 0.5% to about 5%, byweight; from about 0.5% to about 2%, by weight; or from about 0.5% toabout 1.5%, by weight. The fine particle coal may have a particle sizeof from about 30 μm to about 1000 μm; from about 30 μm to about 900 μm;from about 30 μm to about 800 μm; from about 30 μm to about 700 μm; fromabout 30 μm to about 600 μm; from about 30 μm to about 500 μm; fromabout 30 μm to about 400 μm; from about 30 μm to about 300 μm; fromabout 30 μm to about 200 μm; from about 30 μm to about 150 μm; fromabout 30 μm to about 125 μm; from about 30 μm to about 100 μm; fromabout 30 μm to about 75 μm; from about 30 μm to about 50 μm; or about 44μm.

Methods of Making Coke

In a further aspect, methods for making coke are provided. Inembodiments, the method includes heating, in the absence of air, a fineparticle coal described herein, or a blend comprising the fine particlecoal and at least one other coal, for a time and temperature sufficientto convert the fine particle coal or the blend to coke. In particularembodiments, the fine particle coal has a particle size of 1000 μm orsmaller and a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight.

Generally, the fine particle coal, or blends comprising the fineparticle coal and at least one other coal, may be converted to cokeusing techniques known in the art. For the coke making processesprovided herein, the fine particle coal, or blend comprising the fineparticle coal and at least one other coal, in embodiments, has a watercontent of from about 5% to about 10%, by weight, an ash content of lessthan 10%, by weight, a volatile matter content of from about 15% toabout 37%, by weight, a sulfur content of less than 1.0%, by weight, anda fixed carbon content of from about 60% to about 74%, by weight. Forthe coke making processes provided herein, the fine particle coal, orblend comprising the fine particle coal and at least one other coal, insome embodiments, has a water content of from about 5% to about 7%, byweight, an ash content of less than 8%, by weight, a volatile mattercontent of from about 15% to about 25%, by weight, a sulfur content ofless than 0.8%, by weight, and a fixed carbon content of from about 60%to about 74%, by weight.

Methods of making coke are provided. In embodiments, the methods ofmaking coke comprise heating, in the absence of air, a fine particlecoal, or a blend comprising the fine particle coal and at least oneother coal, for a time and temperature sufficient to convert the fineparticle coal or the blend to coke, wherein the fine particle coal has aparticle size of 1000 μm or smaller and a water content of from about 5%to about 20%, by weight. The fine particle coal may have a water contentof from about 5% to about 10%, by weight, an ash content of less than10%, by weight, a volatile matter content of from about 15% to about37%, by weight, a sulfur content of less than 1.0%, by weight, and afixed carbon content of from about 60% to about 74%, by weight. The fineparticle coal may have a water content of from about 5% to about 7%, byweight, an ash content of less than 8%, by weight, a volatile mattercontent of from about 15% to about 25%, by weight, a sulfur content ofless than 0.8%, by weight, and a fixed carbon content of from about 60%to about 74%, by weight. The fine particle coal may have a particle sizeof 100 mesh or smaller; or a particle size of 325 mesh or smaller.

Methods of Making Steel

In yet another aspect, methods are provided for making steel that rely,in part, on the fine particle coal described herein. The fine particlecoal or a blend comprising the fine particle coal and at least one othercoal, in embodiments, is used for PCI in the steel making processesprovided herein. In other words, the fine particle coal, or blend, maybe used in any of the coal injection processes known in the art. In oneembodiment, the method for making steel includes injecting a fineparticle coal described herein, or a blend comprising a fine particlecoal and at least one other coal, into a blast furnace containing cokeand iron ore. In a particular embodiment, the fine particle coal usedfor PCI has a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller and a water content offrom about 5% to about 20%, by weight. In a further embodiment, the fineparticle coal used for PCI has a particle size of 200 mesh or smallerand a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight. In a stillfurther embodiment, the fine particle coal used for PCI has a particlesize of 200 mesh or smaller and a water content of from about 8% toabout 10%, by weight.

In a particular embodiment, the fine particle coal or blend replaces upto 40% of the coke required in standard, non-PCI steel making processes.In one embodiment, the steel making processes provided herein reach acoke rate of from about 275 kg/ton hot metal to about 325 kg/ton hotmetal with injection levels of from about 175 kg/ton hot metal to about225 kg/ton hot metal of a fine particle coal or blend comprising thefine particle coal and at least one other coal. In another embodiment,the steel making processes provided herein reach a coke rate of fromabout 290 kg/ton hot metal to about 310 kg/ton hot metal with injectionlevels of from about 190 kg/ton hot metal to about 210 kg/ton hot metalof a fine particle coal or blend comprising the fine particle coal andat least one other coal. In a further embodiment, the steel makingprocesses provided herein reach a coke rate of about 300 kg/ton hotmetal with injection levels of about 200 kg/ton hot metal of a fineparticle coal or blend comprising the fine particle coal and at leastone other coal.

In embodiments, the fine particle coal, or a blend comprising the fineparticle coal and at least one other coal, is injected in equal amountsthrough all the tuyeres of a blast furnace.

In embodiments, the replacement ratio of the fine particle coal, orblend comprising the fine particle coal and at least one other coal, isfrom about 0.7 to about 0.9 kg fine particle coal or blend per kg coke.In other embodiments, the replacement ratio of the fine particle coal,or blend comprising the fine particle coal and at least one other coal,is from about 0.8 to about 0.9 kg fine particle coal or blend per kgcoke. In further embodiments, the replacement ratio of the fine particlecoal, or blend comprising the fine particle coal and at least one othercoal, is about 0.85 kg fine particle coal or blend per kg coke. Thereplacement ratio of the fine particle coal, or blend, can be calculatedwith a mass and heat balance of a furnace, and the chemical compositionof the fine particle coal, or blend.

Where appropriate, various ASTM procedures were used to analyze the fineparticle coal for the characteristics provided herein.

Methods are provided herein for making iron or steel. In embodiments,the methods of making iron or steel comprise injecting a fine particlecoal, or a blend comprising a fine particle coal and at least one othercoal, into a blast furnace containing coke and iron ore, wherein thefine particle coal has a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller and a watercontent of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight. The fine particle coalmay have a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller and a water content offrom about 5% to about 20%, by weight. The fine particle coal may have aparticle size of 100 mesh or smaller and a water content of from about8% to about 10%, by weight. The fine particle coal or blend may replaceup to 40% of the coke required in standard, non-PCI steel makingprocesses. The blast furnace may reach a coke rate of from about 275kg/ton hot metal to about 325 kg/ton hot metal with injection levels offrom about 175 kg/ton hot metal to about 225 kg/ton hot metal of a fineparticle coal or blend comprising the fine particle coal and at leastone other coal. The blast furnace may reach a coke rate of from about290 kg/ton hot metal to about 310 kg/ton hot metal with injection levelsof from about 190 kg/ton hot metal to about 210 kg/ton hot metal of afine particle coal or blend comprising the fine particle coal and atleast one other coal. The blast furnace may reach a coke rate of about300 kg/ton hot metal with injection levels of about 200 kg/ton hot metalof a fine particle coal or blend comprising the fine particle coal andat least one other coal. The fine particle coal or the blend may beinjected in equal amounts through all the tuyeres of the blast furnace.The replacement ratio of the fine particle coal, or blend comprising thefine particle coal and at least one other coal, may be from about 0.7 toabout 0.9 kg fine particle coal or blend/kg coke; from about 0.8 toabout 0.9 kg fine particle coal or blend/kg coke; or about 0.85 kg fineparticle coal or blend/kg coke. The fine particle coal may have aparticle size of 100 mesh or smaller; or a particle size of 325 mesh orsmaller.

It should be appreciated that various of the above-disclosed and otherfeatures, properties, and functions, or alternatives thereof, may bedesirably combined into many other different products, methods, systems,apparatuses, or applications, which are intended to come within thescope of the appended claims. Various presently unforeseen orunanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations, or improvementsthereto may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art, which arealso intended to come within the scope of the appended claims.

We claim:
 1. A method of collecting fine particle coal comprising:dewatering a clean coal effluent slurry having a solids content of 30%or less, by weight, to produce a fine particle coal having a particlesize of 1000 μm or smaller and a water content of from about 5% to about20%, by weight.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein dewatering the cleancoal effluent slurry comprises centrifuging the slurry in a solid bowlcentrifuge, the centrifuge comprising a rotating bowl, an internalscroll, and a weir plate.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:adjusting, based on properties of the clean coal effluent slurry,properties of the fine particle coal, or both, at least one parameterselected from the group consisting of centrifugal torque, differentialrotational speed between the rotating bowl and the internal scroll, anddam height of the weir plate.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein theclean coal effluent slurry has a solids content of from about 3% toabout 25%, by weight.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fineparticle coal contains at least 95%, by weight, of the solids containedin the clean coal effluent slurry.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein thewater content of the fine particle coal is from about 5% to about 15%,by weight.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the particle size of thefine particle coal is 100 mesh or smaller.
 8. The method of claim 1,wherein the particle size of the fine particle coal is from about 30 μmto about 150 μm.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step ofdewatering occurs in the clean coal circuit of a coal processing plant.10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of dewatering occursdownstream of processing that does not collect fine particle coal havinga particle size of 325 mesh or smaller.
 11. The method of claim 1,wherein the step of dewatering occurs upstream of processing that doescollect fine particle coal having a particle size of 325 mesh orsmaller.
 12. An apparatus for collecting fine particle coal from a cleancoal effluent slurry, the apparatus comprising: a solid bowl centrifugethat retains a particle size of 1000 μm or smaller.
 13. The apparatus ofclaim 12, wherein the solid bowl centrifuge retains a particle size of100 mesh or smaller.
 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein: the solidbowl centrifuge comprises a rotating bowl, an internal scroll, and aweir plate, and at least one parameter selected from the groupconsisting of centrifugal torque, differential rotational speed betweenthe rotating bowl and the internal scroll, and dam height of the weirplate, is adjustable based on properties of the clean coal effluentslurry, properties of the fine particle coal, or both.
 15. The apparatusof claim 12, wherein the solid bowl centrifuge is configured to dewaterthe clean coal effluent slurry having a solids content of 30% or less,by weight, to produce a fine particle coal having a water content offrom about 5% to about 20%, by weight.
 16. A system for collecting fineparticle coal comprising: a dewatering apparatus that retains a particlesize of 1000 μm or smaller.
 17. The system of claim 16, wherein thedewatering apparatus comprises a solid bowl centrifuge.
 18. The systemof claim 16, wherein the system comprises a clean coal circuit of a coalprocessing plant, the dewatering apparatus being located in the cleancoal circuit.
 19. The system of claim 16, wherein the dewateringapparatus is located downstream of processing units that do not collectfine particle coal having a particle size of 325 mesh or smaller. 20.The system of claim 16, wherein the dewatering apparatus is locatedupstream of a processing unit that does collect fine particle coalhaving a particle size of 325 mesh or smaller.
 21. The system of claim16, wherein a feed of the dewatering apparatus comprises a clean coaleffluent slurry having a solids content of 30% or less, by weight. 22.The system of claim 16, wherein an output of the dewatering apparatuscomprises a fine particle coal having a water content of from about 5%to about 20%, by weight.
 23. The system of claim 16, wherein: a feed ofthe dewatering apparatus comprises a clean coal effluent slurry, anoutput of the dewatering apparatus comprises a fine particle coal, andthe fine particle coal contains at least 95%, by weight, of the solidscontained in the clean coal effluent slurry.
 24. The system of claim 16,wherein: an output of the dewatering apparatus comprises a fine particlecoal, and from about 40% to about 60%, by weight, of the fine particlecoal is retained by 325 mesh.
 25. The system of claim 16, wherein: afeed of the dewatering apparatus comprises a clean coal effluent slurry,an output of the dewatering apparatus comprises a fine particle coal,the dewatering apparatus comprises a solid bowl centrifuge thatcomprises a rotating bowl, an internal scroll, and a weir plate, and atleast one parameter selected from the group consisting of centrifugaltorque, differential rotational speed between the rotating bowl and theinternal scroll, and dam height of the weir plate, is adjustable basedon properties of the clean coal effluent slurry, properties of the fineparticle coal, or both.
 26. The system of claim 25, further comprising:at least one memory that stores computer-executable instructions; and atleast one controller configured to access the at least one memory,wherein the at least one controller is configured to execute thecomputer-executable instructions to: receive, from an interface,properties of the clean coal effluent slurry, properties of the fineparticle coal, or both, and direct, in response to receipt of theproperties, adjustment of at least one parameter selected from the groupconsisting of centrifugal torque, differential rotational speed betweenthe rotating bowl and the internal scroll, and dam height of the weirplate.
 27. A fine particle coal having a particle size of 1000 μm orsmaller and a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight.28. The fine particle coal of claim 27, wherein the water content isfrom about 5% to about 15%, by weight.
 29. The fine particle coal ofclaim 27, wherein the water content is from about 6% to about 9%, byweight.
 30. The fine particle coal of claim 27, wherein the particlesize is 100 mesh or smaller.
 31. The fine particle coal of claim 27,wherein from about 40% to about 60%, by weight, of the fine particlecoal is retained by 325 mesh.
 32. The fine particle coal of claim 27,wherein the particle size is from about 30 μm to about 150 μm.
 33. Thefine particle coal of claim 27, wherein the particle size is about 44μm.
 34. The fine particle coal of claim 27, wherein the fine particlecoal has a BTU of from about 12,000 to about 16,000.
 35. The fineparticle coal of claim 27, wherein the fine particle coal has a BTU offrom about 15,000 to about 16,000.
 36. The fine particle coal of claim27, wherein the fine particle coal has a total sulfur content of fromabout 0.3 to about 4.5%, by weight.
 37. The fine particle coal of claim27, wherein the fine particle coal has a total sulfur content of lessthan 0.8%, by weight.
 38. The fine particle coal of claim 27, whereinthe fine particle coal has an ash content of from about 3% to about 28%,by weight.
 39. The fine particle coal of claim 27, wherein the fineparticle coal has an ash content of from about 5% to about 10%, byweight.
 40. The fine particle coal of claim 27, wherein the fineparticle coal has a volatile matter content of from about 7% to about37%, by weight.
 41. The fine particle coal of claim 27, wherein the fineparticle coal has a volatile matter content of from about 15% to about20%, by weight.
 42. The fine particle coal of claim 27, wherein the fineparticle coal has a carbon content of from about 80% to about 95%, byweight.
 43. The fine particle coal of claim 27, wherein the fineparticle coal has an oxygen content of 20% or less, by weight.
 44. Thefine particle coal of claim 27, wherein the fine particle coal has anoxygen content of 2% or less, by weight.
 45. A method of making cokecomprising: heating, in the absence of air, a fine particle coal, or ablend comprising the fine particle coal and at least one other coal, fora time and temperature sufficient to convert the fine particle coal orthe blend to coke, wherein the fine particle coal has a particle size of1000 μm or smaller and a water content of from about 5% to about 20%, byweight.
 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the fine particle coal, orthe blend, has a water content of from about 5% to about 10%, by weight,an ash content of less than 10%, by weight, a volatile matter content offrom about 15% to about 37%, by weight, a sulfur content of less than1.0%, by weight, and a fixed carbon content of from about 60% to about74%, by weight.
 47. The method of claim 45, wherein the fine particlecoal, or the blend, has a water content of from about 5% to about 7%, byweight, an ash content of less than 8%, by weight, a volatile mattercontent of from about 15% to about 25%, by weight, a sulfur content ofless than 0.8%, by weight, and a fixed carbon content of from about 60%to about 74%, by weight.
 48. A method of making iron or steelcomprising: injecting a fine particle coal, or a blend comprising a fineparticle coal and at least one other coal, into a blast furnacecontaining coke and iron ore, wherein the fine particle coal has aparticle size of 1000 μm or smaller and a water content of from about 5%to about 20%, by weight.
 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the fineparticle coal has a particle size of 100 mesh or smaller and a watercontent of from about 5% to about 20%, by weight.
 50. The method ofclaim 48, wherein the fine particle coal or blend replaces up to 40% ofthe coke required in standard, non-PCI steel making processes.
 51. Themethod of claim 48, wherein the blast furnace reaches a coke rate offrom about 275 kg/ton hot metal to about 325 kg/ton hot metal withinjection levels of from about 175 kg/ton hot metal to about 225 kg/tonhot metal of a fine particle coal or blend comprising the fine particlecoal and at least one other coal.
 52. The method of claim 48, whereinthe fine particle coal or the blend is inject in equal amounts throughall the tuyeres of the blast furnace.
 53. The method of claim 48,wherein replacement ratio of the fine particle coal, or blend comprisingthe fine particle coal and at least one other coal, is from about 0.7 toabout 0.9 kg fine particle coal or blend/kg coke.